FUMIGATION Introduction In modern terminology a fumigant is a chemical which, at a required temperature and pressure, can exist in the gaseous state in sufficient concentration to be lethal to a given pest organism. Because fumigation is the most effective and widely used procedure to eliminate the pests that cause damage to exported grain in either storage or shipment.  Fumigation is also the method used to prevent foreign pests from entering the country through imported products and through wooden packing materials.  FAO will quarantine these imported goods and products until they are fumigated and certified pest free by Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service and Plant Protection and Quarantine (PPQ). Other countries require fumigation of goods before entry is allowed from the THAILAND and other countries Present Status of Fumigation:  Fumigants are still widely used for the control of insects and other pest organisms. Because of their unique characteristics and the great adaptability of the fumigation technique, fumigants can often provide effective, economical control where other forms of pest control are not feasible. In many cases treatments can be carried out on infested material without disturbing it in any way. The development of lightweight plastic sheets to enclose spaces or materials requiring fumigation has extended the use of fumigants and made control procedures easier and much more adaptable. Several modern technological developments, including instrumentation for gas detection and analysis, improved formulations as well as increased demand for effective and economical pest control measures, have done much to improve fumigation procedures. Fumigation Personnel: The practice of pest control is becoming increasingly specialized and requires professional personnel who are familiar, not only with the pest and the pesticide, but who also have a good knowledge of the many factors related to pest infestation and control. Even in field applications, where much of the work may be done by relatively unskilled people working under a well-trained foreman, a working knowledge of the principles of fumigation can be an asset. Principles of fumigation / Choice of fumigant: There are many chemical compounds which are volatile at ordinary temperatures and sufficiently toxic to fall within the definition of fumigants. In actual practice, however, most gases have been eliminated owing to unfavorable properties, the most important being chemical instability and destructive effects on materials. Damage to materials may take place in several ways, as follows: 1. Excessively corrosive compounds attack shipping containers or spoil the structure and fittings of fumigation chambers or other spaces undergoing treatment. 2. Reactive chemicals form irreversible compounds, which remain as undesirable residues in products. In foodstuffs such reactions may lead to taint or the formation of poisonous residues. Other materials may be rendered unfit by visible staining or by the production of unpleasant odors. 3. Physiologically active compounds may destroy or severely injure growing plants, fruit or vegetables, and may adversely affect seed germination. Chemical used in fumigation for rice shipment: 1. Aluminum Phosphate 56% Tablet, non hazardous decomposition products. 2. Methyl Bromide 98%, colorless gas, a broad-spectrum pesticide wildly used as a powerful fumigation.
	PHYTOSANITARY Phytosanitary Certificate--The purpose of the phytosanitary certificate, Plant Protection and Quarantine (PPQ) in according to FAO International Convention, is to expedite the entry of plants or plant products into a foreign country. This certificate certifies to a foreign country that the plants or plant products described were inspected by the Thai Government and are free from quarantine pests and other injurious pests of specific concern to the importing country. This certificate is completed by Thai's  Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Department of Agriculture, Bangkok, Thailand. IN-HOUSE INSPECTION REPORT Dedicated to quality management, continuing to see itself as the guarantor of respect for rice quality, and health for customers worldwide. All rice export from PechSiam must be inspected prior to loading in according to the Ministry of Commerce regulations, and Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives. Generally the inspection is done by Government officer, independence surveyor, and our in house outgoing rice inspection to inspect all lots of Rice Production.

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