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Thailand's staple grain : Rice

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Rice is staple food of Thai people.In fact "Kin Khao"

or eating rice in the Thai language means " to have a meal". The Thai people have great reverence for this grain:

In 1960, His Majesty the King revived the centuries-old tradition of the Royal Ploughing Ceremony, where blessed rice seeds are distributed to farmers throughout the Kingdom.

His Majesty does not take only a symbolic role in safeguarding the success of the rice harvest, he has personally initiated and supervised numerous projects throughout the country to assist farmers in taking full advantage of modern technology and the latest advances in agriculture and irrigation.

In Thailand rice is grown in most provinces, though the highest concentration is found in six plains: The Upper northern, Lower Northern, Central, Upper Northeastern, Lower Northeastern and Southern Plains. Due to different soil conditions and climate, each plain produces different varieties with different qualities.

The Upper Northern Plain mainly produces high quality glutinous rice, and the word-famous "Snake Fang" glutinous rice comes from here.

The Lower Northern Plain is the second largest production area in terms of tonnage. The country's top quality grain, Hom Mali Rice, is grown here.

The Central Plain is the rice bowl of Thailand. It has the largest production in terms of tonnage. The Upper Northeastern and Lower Northeastern Plains are topographically separate but both produce the same kind of rice. This area is also famous for Thai Hom Mali Rice and glutinous rice.

The Southern Plain is the smallest rice growing area and the harvest here is mainly for local consumption. This area is the world largest Natural Rubber Production.

Thai Rice

In the 1999/2000 production year the planted area of main-season paddy was 57.19 million rai, yielding total of 18.98 million tons of paddy, an average yiel of 332 kilograms pre rai, above the previous year by 0.79, 2.87 and 2.15 percent in area, volume and value respectively. The higher output resulted mainly from favorable rains.

The planted area of off-season paddy was 6.41 million rai, yielding 4.35 million tons, at an average yiel of 679 kilograms per rai. The planted area was down by 0.77 percent compared to the previous year, due to the falling prices for off-season paddy in 1998/1999. The total and average yield were up by 0.23 and 1.19 percent compared to the year before because sufficient water was stored in the main dams.

In 1999 Thailand exported 6.84 million tons of rice, worth 73,812 million baht, up 0.30 million tons or 4.59 percent in volume but down 12,991 million baht or 14.97 percent in value, compared to the year before. The falling prices of rice resulted from the rising volume of global rice production.

Since January 1, 2001 Thailand has exported 6,397,942 tons of rice, a large increase over the 5,506,545 tons exported during the same period of last year. However, the year-to-year export gap is less severe with regard to November alone; so far in November Thai exporters have shipped 478,405 tons, compared to the 437,435 tons shipped during the same period of 2000.

THAILAND : RAINFED LOWLAND RICE FIELD

Rice is transplanted or direct seeded in puddled soil on level to slightly sloping, bunded or diked fields with variable depth and duration of flooding, depending on rainfall.

Soils alternate from flooded to nonflooded, Yields vary depending on rainfall, cultivation practices, and use of fertilizer. Rainfed lowland rice makes up 25 percent of the world's harvested rice area and 17 percent of world production.

Areas where rainfed lowland rice is the predominant ecosystem are among the world's most densely populated rural regions and home to some of the world's poorest rural and urban populations. The rainfed lowlands must contribute to the production needed to feed expanding urban areas while preserving natural resources and improving the well being of farm families.

The majority of Thailand's total rice yield comes from the yield during normal rice growing periods, which begins in July and ends in September. This normal rice cultivation season may vary from place to place, depending on the land and climate conditions.

In general, a rice field requires constant and uniform floodings. Two basic requirements for growing rice are an even landfield that gently slopes and a well-equipped irrigation system to allow continual cycles of water inflow and outflow. Most importantly, the landfield must be able to maintain 2-3 inches of the water depth accross approximately 90% of the total rice field area throughout the rice growing season.

Growing Seasons

For North, Northeast and Central regions, growing season begins in May and ends in July; and the harvesting season begins November and ends in December. In the south and other regions, growing season is between November and December; the harvesting season starts from March and ends in May

More details about Rice Glowing Plant